The Incorruptibles

Four years after burying their 95-year-old foundress unembalmed in a simple wooden coffin, the Benedictines of Mary exhumed Sister Wilhelmina Lancaster in April 2023 and found her body and habit largely intact; the diocese's commissioned pathology team called the condition 'highly atypical' for the interval and conditions, forensic anthropologists answered that natural mummification in coffin burials is well documented, and the Church itself has declared no miracle and opened no cause.

The 16th-century Russian monastic founder's relics, seized by Soviet authorities in 1918, survived a Bolshevik examination that expected to expose fraud, and were returned to his monastery in 1998 after rediscovery in a Leningrad anatomical museum.

Angela of Foligno, the 13th-century Franciscan tertiary and mystic, died in 1309; her body is kept in the Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta in Foligno, with incorruptibility claimed but no modern forensic verification available.

The body of the Lourdes visionary, displayed at Nevers, is often called incorrupt — but a wax mask covers the face, and natural preservation can account for the rest.

Imelda Lambertini died in 1333 at age 11, reportedly from an ecstatic episode immediately after receiving her first Eucharist; her body was found incorrupt and is displayed in a wax effigy in Bologna, though independent scientific examination is lacking.

When Catherine Labouré's body was exhumed in 1933 for beatification — 57 years after her death — physicians reported it was flexible and fresh, with blue eyes intact; her body remains on display in Paris at the Chapel of the Miraculous Medal.

Lebanese Maronite monk Charbel Makhlouf died in 1898; his body was found incorrupt in a flooded grave in 1899 and reportedly exuded a blood-like fluid for 67 years until beatification in 1965, when it was found finally decomposed.

Relics claimed to be the charred remains of Joan of Arc, held in a Chinon pharmacy bottle since 1867, were analyzed in 2009–2010 by a multidisciplinary forensic team and confirmed to be a mummified cat leg bone and a human rib dating to the 6th–3rd century BC — Egyptian mummy components, not Joan's remains.

John Vianney's body was found dried and darkened after death and bears a wax mask over the face; his heart, removed in 1904, is separately venerated as a first-class relic and described as incorrupt, though it has undergone a century of conservation treatment.

Margaret of Cortona, a 13th-century penitent, died in 1297; her body has been displayed in the Basilica of Santa Margherita in Cortona for over 700 years and is described as incorrupt, though no modern independent forensic examination has been published.

Padre Pio's body was exhumed in 2008, found in good condition, but chemical analysis revealed it had been treated with high-concentration formalin, creosote, benzoic acid, and turpentine — deliberate embalming, not miraculous preservation.

When John XXIII was exhumed in 2001 after 37 years, his face appeared intact and serene; the Vatican explicitly attributed this to embalming with formalin, hermetic sealing in multiple coffins, and Prof. Golia's proprietary preservation treatment — not to miracle.

Rita of Cascia, patron of impossible causes, died in 1457; her body has been on display for nearly 600 years, with documented medical examinations in 1743 and 1892 noting repairs to the face using wax and string — indicating partial deterioration.

When a sarcophagus believed to contain Saint Cecilia was opened in 1599, witnesses reported finding a body in a distinctive position; sculptor Stefano Maderno created an exact marble replica — but no witness actually saw her face, and historians dispute the account.

Silvan, claimed to be the oldest incorrupt body in the Catholic Church, is on display at a Croatian church; skeptical examination reveals the 'body' is a wax sculpture with painted features, glued-on eyebrows and wig, and artificially shallow nostrils and ear canals.

Zita of Lucca's body, exhumed and found incorrupt in 1580, has been on display in the Church of San Frediano for over 700 years; a 1988 University of Pisa examination confirmed it as a case of natural mummification, browned and wizened.

Archbishop John Maximovitch (1896-1966), canonized in 1994, was found with largely incorrupt remains at a 1993 exhumation in San Francisco — his face, hands, and beard visibly preserved 27 years after death.

Vincent de Paul was briefly believed incorrupt, but flooding in the vault caused full decomposition; his disarticulated bones were reassembled by surgeons and are now encased inside a wax effigy at the Vincentian mother house in Paris.

The body of Francis Xavier was declared incorrupt when returned to Goa in 1554, two years after his death, and remains on public display at the Basilica of Bom Jesus -- though the body has visibly deteriorated and lost limbs over centuries.